Understand a Complete House Wiring Diagram and Connection
Here, we are going to see a complete house wiring diagram and know the electrical connection. Actually, every house has different requirements so their electrical arrangements and installation will be different. Here, the electrical wiring diagram in this article you can take as an example, where all types of devices are connected which are commonly used in a home. Once you know the estimation, the procedure of installation, and the connection then you can design a new wiring diagram for your own requirements. For example, some houseowners want to install Air conditioners some do not. Here, we have shown the air conditioner connection for a single room. So, if you want to connect the Air Conditioner then you can get knowledge of how it is connected here. Similarly, we have shown the connection of different types of household appliances and devices with the whole electrical wiring of the home. So get the knowledge and design your own wiring diagram.
Here, you can see an electrical wiring diagram for a two-floor house where the electrical connection is shown for all the different types of rooms.
Wire Color: Here, you can see four different colors are used. As per NEC, The red color is used for phase or live conductor. The black color is used for the neutral conductor and the green color is used for the Earthing conductor. Here, you also see a blue color is used. This is also a phase conductor taken from the output of the inverter. To understand easily and to make the difference between the utility power supply connection and the backup power supply connection we have used the blue color. It will help you to understand how the inverter output power supply is provided to different devices.
Wire Size and Types: Poroer sizing of wires is very important when you doing an electrical installation. And the size of the wire completely depends upon the load current, types, and application area. So first take a deep study about the wire sizing and take a wire of the proper size according to your installation requirement.
Energy Meter Connection: Energy Meter is the first input device of the house. Its input is connected to the utility power source such as an electric pole and the output is connected to the main switch. It requires a two-wire connection - phase and neutral. The first terminal from the left side is to be connected to the phase terminal of the utility power source and the second terminal is to be connected to the neutral terminal of the power source. The third terminal is the neutral output for the load so it is to be connected to the neutral terminal of the main switch and the fourth terminal is the phase output terminal that is to be connected to the phase terminal of the main switch.
Main Switch Connection: Here, the wiring diagram shown is for a two-floor building so two separate distribution boxes are used for each floor. Each distribution board has its own main switch. And the main switch of those distribution boxes is to be connected to a single main switch that will be the main switch for the whole electrical system of the home. Here, we have used a 100A Double Pole MCB. Also, you can use a 100A Doube Pole MCCB. You can see the output of the 100A MCB(main switch) is connected to the copper strip busbars so it helps to connect multiple outputs.
Distribution Board Connection: Here two distribution boards are used for each floor. The distribution board used for the ground floor has a 63A two-pole MCB as the main switch for the ground floor, a 63A RCD, and ten single-pole MCBs with different ratings such as 10A, 16A, 20A, 32A, etc.
The distribution board used on the 1st floor has a 63A two-pole MCB as the main switch for the 1st floor, a 63A RCD, and seven single-pole MCBs with different current ratings such as 10A, 16A, 20A, 32A, etc.
The connection procedure for both distribution boards (DB) is the same. The incoming supply from the main switch is to be connected to the input of the double pole MCB and the output of the MCB is to be connected to the input of the RCD. The phase from the output of the RCD should be connected to all the inputs of the single pole MCBs. And the neutral from the output of the RCD is to be connected to the neutral link. So neutral of all the loads are connected to the neutral link. And phases from the different loads are to be connected to the different MCBs according to their capacity and the requirement of the load.
The earthing conductor is connected to an earth busbar. And the earth busbar of each floor is internally connected also. Earthing conductors from all the loads are to be connected to those earth busbars.
Connection for Each Room: There are different types of rooms available in a house. Each room has its own switchboard and all the loads of those rooms are connected to their switchboard. The incoming for those switchboards comes from the distribution box. According to the total load of a particular room, the switchboard should be connected to the proper MCB in the distribution board that has full capacity to handle the loads. For example, your kitchen has a total load of more than 25A, so you must connect the kitchen switchboard to a 32A MCB in the Distribution Board.
First, talk about the Ground Floor. Although there is the same procedure for both the ground floor and first floor. Here, On the ground floor, two bedrooms are there, one living room or hall room, one dining room, one kitchen, and one washroom. On the first floor, two bedrooms, one hall room or living room, one washroom, and one laundry area.
Generally, in a bedroom, we install ceiling fans, lights, power sockets, and air conditioners. We have not shown all of these for each bedroom here. But if you need all of these you can install them as per your requirements. Each bedroom must have at least two lights.
In a hall room or living room, ceiling fans, lights, and power sockets are used.
In the dining room also, the same number of ceiling fans, lights, and power sockets are used. Although a power socket is not essential in a dining room. If you require, you can connect it.
In the kitchen area, light and power sockets must be required. Especially, you must install a 32A power socket with a 32A DP switch to connect an electrical oven or other devices. Also, if you used a high-power exhaust fan, then also you should use a 32A switch. Generally, a 10A switch is enough for a general domestic exhaust fan.
In the washroom, the light must be connected. Also, a 32A DP switch can be used for a geyser or water heater.
In the staircase, the light must be connected with two-way switches. If you use an inverter then it is recommended to connect the staircase light to the inverter power supply.
Connection of Different Types of Devices: There are so many different types of devices that are used in a house we must know the connection procedure for them.
Refrigerator Connection: Generally, the refrigerator is installed in the kitchen area. You should not connect the refrigerator to the switchboard. The refrigerator must be connected with a separate MCB in the distribution box. You can use a DP switch near the refrigerator. Generally, a 32A DP switch is used for the refrigerator. Although it depends upon the capacity of the refrigerator. It is good to install a separate 32A power socket with a switch in the kitchen area for refrigerator connection during the house wiring.
Air Conditioner Connection: Similar to the refrigerator, the Air Conditioner also must be connected to a separate MCB in the distribution box and a double pole switch near the air conditioner. A 32A MCB and DP switch are generally used for air conditioners, but you can choose as per the capacity of your air conditioner.
Learn More About: Air Conditioner Connection and Wiring Diagram
Washing Machine Connection: For connecting a washing machine we should use a separate MCB and DP switch.
Cleaning Point: Generally, a 32A power socket with a DP switch is placed at the downside of the room that can be used to connect vacuum cleaners or other devices during cleaning. All the cleaning points are connected together and they are supplied from a separate MCB in the Distribution Box.
Submersible Water Pump Connection: The Submersible Pump also is connected to a separate MCB in the distribution box. The motor starter will get supplied from the distribution box. A 16A or 32A MCB is enough for the submersible pump. again it depends upon the rating of the motor.
Read Also: Refrigerator Wiring Diagram and Connection
Inverter Connection: The inverter is generally used for emergency backup purposes when the main utility power supply is not available. If you use a very high-power inverter and batteries that can drive all the loads of your home then you can connect the inverter just after the main switch. But due to high cost, in most of cases, we use the inverter for some particular loads that should be used during the absence of the main power such as lights, TV, Some power sockets for gadget charging, a few ceiling fans, etc.
Now, how to connect the inverter. The input of the inverter is connected to a power source that should be turned on at all times when the main power supply is available so it can charge its battery. From the output of the inverter, we just took the phase wire and connected it to the particular loads that are to be used during the absence of the power supply. We don't require the neutral from the inverter as its incoming neutral terminal (that is already connected to all loads of the home) is interconnected to the output neutral terminal. Just need to remember that when we operate the load with the inverter, the incoming of the inverter should not be disconnected from the circuit even when the main power supply is not available.
Learn More About: Inverter connection diagram. Install Inverter and Battery at Home.
Understand a Complete House Wiring Diagram and Connection
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December 08, 2022
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Reviewed by Author
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December 08, 2022
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