What is Transistor? Explained

Transistor

What is a Transistor?

A Transistor is an Active Device. A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device. A simple Description about construction and working of Transistor is given below. 

A simple Description about construction and working of Transistor:

Silicon is a semiconductor, which means that its operational properties can be prepared by presenting impurities in the crystal structure. The silicon has 4 electrons in its valence shell, it is an outer orbit for electrons and it determines the many chemical properties of the atom. Atoms want 8 electrons in that shell, because of which they are made very stable.


 Therefore silicon easily creates covalent bonding to 4 neighboring silicon atoms to achieve those additional electrons. Now if we present those pure impurities in this pure silicon crystal, then we can change how this present holds. If we add phosphorus, in which its valence shell has 5 electrons, then additional electron crystal structure is left free to rotate.


 This extra electron charges N-type negatively, from which the name comes. P-type is positive charge because it is doped with boron, in which its valence shell has three electrons. This structure wants to achieve the ultimate electron and steals the electrons from its neighbor's atoms, this is a mobile positive charge, which is called a hole. Thus the conductivity of materials has increased because we have increased the number of mobile tariffs.


 When we arrange the N-type and P-type semiconductor in this way and attach the terminal to each, we make the world's most popular transistors. Transistor works on the N-type and P-type junction, due to the interaction of those free electrons and holes. The free electron in P-Type will be migrated to fill those holes in P-Type. They form a boundary layer that is called a decreasing layer which prevents more electrons that pass through each other due to negative charges. But, when a positive voltage is applied on the base, then it rejects the layer of that deficiency and permits electrons to flow through the circuit to complete it.

Read Also:

• Transistor applications explained with examples
• What is Diode? Types, Symbols and Applications of Diode
• What is Semiconductor Material? Examples.
• The easy way to understand What is the Logic gate?
• What is binary coding? Concepts of Binary Number.

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